Conditions We Treat

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is a condition where the arteries supplying blood to your legs and feet become narrowed or blocked due to a build-up of fatty deposits (atherosclerosis). This reduces blood flow to the muscles and tissues, causing symptoms such as pain, discomfort, or cramping, especially during walking or exercise. PAD is a serious condition that can increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, or limb complications if left untreated.

Symptoms of PAD

The most common symptom of PAD is intermittent claudication, which is pain or cramping in the legs triggered by activity such as walking or climbing stairs and relieved by rest. Other symptoms may include:

  • Cold or pale skin on your legs or feet.
  • Weakness or numbness in the legs.
  • Slow-healing sores or ulcers on the legs or feet.
  • Hair loss or shiny skin on the legs.
  • In severe cases, pain in the feet even at rest (critical limb ischaemia).

Who Is at Risk?

The risk of developing PAD increases with:

  • Smoking.
  • Diabetes
  • High blood pressure.
  • High cholesterol.
  • Being overweight.
  • Age (most common in those over 50).
  • A family history of cardiovascular disease.

Treatments for PAD

At The Vein Surgeons, we provide evidence-based treatments for PAD in line with NICE and NHS guidelines. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing symptoms, preventing complications, and improving quality of life.

Lifestyle Changes:

Lifestyle modifications are the first step in managing PAD and can significantly improve symptoms and overall health:


  • Quit Smoking: Smoking damages blood vessels and worsens PAD. Stopping smoking is one of the most important steps you can take to improve your condition.
  • Exercise Programme: A supervised exercise programme (such as walking therapy) is highly recommended. Regular walking helps improve circulation and can reduce symptoms of claudication.
  • Healthy Diet: Adopt a heart-healthy diet low in saturated fats, sugars, and salts. Include plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to manage cholesterol and blood pressure.
  • Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces the strain on your cardiovascular system.

Medications:

Medications may be prescribed to manage the symptoms of PAD and reduce the risk of complications:


  • Antiplatelet Therapy: Drugs like aspirin or clopidogrel help prevent blood clots and reduce the risk of heart attack or stroke.
  • Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs: Statins are used to lower cholesterol levels and slow the progression of atherosclerosis.
  • Blood Pressure Management: Antihypertensive medication may be prescribed if you have high blood pressure.
  • Naftidrofuryl: This medication improves blood flow to the legs and helps relieve symptoms of claudication in some patients.

Minimally Invasive Procedures:

If lifestyle changes and medications are not enough to manage your symptoms, we offer advanced, minimally invasive procedures to restore blood flow:


  • Angioplasty and Stenting: A small balloon is inserted into the narrowed artery and inflated to widen it. A stent (a tiny mesh tube) may then be placed to keep the artery open.
  • Atherectomy: This procedure removes the build-up of fatty deposits from the artery walls using a specialised device.

Bypass Surgery:

For severe cases of PAD where blood flow is significantly restricted, bypass surgery may be necessary. A vein or synthetic graft is used to reroute blood flow around the blocked artery.


Long-Term Management and Prevention

To prevent the progression of PAD and lower your risk of complications:

  • Continue with a supervised exercise programme and stay active.
  • Follow your medication regimen as prescribed.
  • Monitor and manage any underlying conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure.
  • Attend regular follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider to monitor your condition.

Why Choose The Vein Surgeons for PAD Treatment?

At The Vein Surgeons, we offer comprehensive care for PAD, combining advanced treatments with tailored lifestyle advice. Our expert consultants work closely with you to develop a personalised treatment plan based on your specific needs, ensuring the best possible outcomes.


Early diagnosis and treatment can make a significant difference in managing PAD and improving your quality of life. Contact us today to book your consultation and take the first step towards better vascular health.